403

Forbidden

Access to this resource on the server is denied!


Proudly powered by LiteSpeed Web Server

Please be advised that LiteSpeed Technologies Inc. is not a web hosting company and, as such, has no control over content found on this site.

amp-web-push-widget button.amp-subscribe { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 5px; border: 0; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 10px 15px; cursor: pointer; outline: none; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; background: #4A90E2; margin-top: 7px; color: white; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); } a.heateor_sss_amp{padding:0 4px;}div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing a amp-img{display:inline-block;}.heateor_sss_amp_gab img{background-color:#25CC80}.heateor_sss_amp_parler img{background-color:#892E5E}.heateor_sss_amp_gettr img{background-color:#E50000}.heateor_sss_amp_instagram img{background-color:#624E47}.heateor_sss_amp_yummly img{background-color:#E16120}.heateor_sss_amp_youtube img{background-color:#ff0000}.heateor_sss_amp_teams img{background-color:#5059c9}.heateor_sss_amp_google_translate img{background-color:#528ff5}.heateor_sss_amp_x img{background-color:#2a2a2a}.heateor_sss_amp_rutube img{background-color:#14191f}.heateor_sss_amp_buffer img{background-color:#000}.heateor_sss_amp_delicious img{background-color:#53BEEE}.heateor_sss_amp_rss img{background-color:#e3702d}.heateor_sss_amp_facebook img{background-color:#0765FE}.heateor_sss_amp_digg img{background-color:#006094}.heateor_sss_amp_email img{background-color:#649A3F}.heateor_sss_amp_float_it img{background-color:#53BEEE}.heateor_sss_amp_linkedin img{background-color:#0077B5}.heateor_sss_amp_pinterest img{background-color:#CC2329}.heateor_sss_amp_print img{background-color:#FD6500}.heateor_sss_amp_reddit img{background-color:#FF5700}.heateor_sss_amp_mastodon img{background-color:#6364FF}.heateor_sss_amp_stocktwits img{background-color: #40576F}.heateor_sss_amp_mewe img{background-color:#007da1}.heateor_sss_amp_mix img{background-color:#ff8226}.heateor_sss_amp_tumblr img{background-color:#29435D}.heateor_sss_amp_twitter img{background-color:#55acee}.heateor_sss_amp_vkontakte img{background-color:#0077FF}.heateor_sss_amp_yahoo img{background-color:#8F03CC}.heateor_sss_amp_xing img{background-color:#00797D}.heateor_sss_amp_instagram img{background-color:#527FA4}.heateor_sss_amp_whatsapp img{background-color:#55EB4C}.heateor_sss_amp_aim img{background-color: #10ff00}.heateor_sss_amp_amazon_wish_list img{background-color: #ffe000}.heateor_sss_amp_aol_mail img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_app_net img{background-color: #5D5D5D}.heateor_sss_amp_balatarin img{background-color: #fff}.heateor_sss_amp_bibsonomy img{background-color: #000}.heateor_sss_amp_bitty_browser img{background-color: #EFEFEF}.heateor_sss_amp_blinklist img{background-color: #3D3C3B}.heateor_sss_amp_blogger_post img{background-color: #FDA352}.heateor_sss_amp_blogmarks img{background-color: #535353}.heateor_sss_amp_bookmarks_fr img{background-color: #E8EAD4}.heateor_sss_amp_box_net img{background-color: #1A74B0}.heateor_sss_amp_buddymarks img{background-color: #ffd400}.heateor_sss_amp_care2_news img{background-color: #6EB43F}.heateor_sss_amp_comment img{background-color: #444}.heateor_sss_amp_diary_ru img{background-color: #E8D8C6}.heateor_sss_amp_diaspora img{background-color: #2E3436}.heateor_sss_amp_dihitt img{background-color: #FF6300}.heateor_sss_amp_diigo img{background-color: #4A8BCA}.heateor_sss_amp_douban img{background-color: #497700}.heateor_sss_amp_draugiem img{background-color: #ffad66}.heateor_sss_amp_evernote img{background-color: #8BE056}.heateor_sss_amp_facebook_messenger img{background-color: #0084FF}.heateor_sss_amp_fark img{background-color: #555}.heateor_sss_amp_fintel img{background-color: #087515}.heateor_sss_amp_flipboard img{background-color: #CC0000}.heateor_sss_amp_folkd img{background-color: #0F70B2}.heateor_sss_amp_google_news img{background-color: #4285F4}.heateor_sss_amp_google_classroom img{background-color: #FFC112}.heateor_sss_amp_google_gmail img{background-color: #E5E5E5}.heateor_sss_amp_hacker_news img{background-color: #F60}.heateor_sss_amp_hatena img{background-color: #00A6DB}.heateor_sss_amp_instapaper img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_jamespot img{background-color: #FF9E2C}.heateor_sss_amp_kakao img{background-color: #FCB700}.heateor_sss_amp_kik img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_kindle_it img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_known img{background-color: #fff101}.heateor_sss_amp_line img{background-color: #00C300}.heateor_sss_amp_livejournal img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_mail_ru img{background-color: #356FAC}.heateor_sss_amp_mendeley img{background-color: #A70805}.heateor_sss_amp_meneame img{background-color: #FF7D12}.heateor_sss_amp_mixi img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_myspace img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_netlog img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_netvouz img{background-color: #c0ff00}.heateor_sss_amp_newsvine img{background-color: #055D00}.heateor_sss_amp_nujij img{background-color: #D40000}.heateor_sss_amp_odnoklassniki img{background-color: #F2720C}.heateor_sss_amp_oknotizie img{background-color: #fdff88}.heateor_sss_amp_outlook_com img{background-color: #0072C6}.heateor_sss_amp_papaly img{background-color: #3AC0F6}.heateor_sss_amp_pinboard img{background-color: #1341DE}.heateor_sss_amp_plurk img{background-color: #CF682F}.heateor_sss_amp_pocket img{background-color: #ee4056}.heateor_sss_amp_polyvore img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_printfriendly img{background-color: #61D1D5}.heateor_sss_amp_protopage_bookmarks img{background-color: #413FFF}.heateor_sss_amp_pusha img{background-color: #0072B8}.heateor_sss_amp_qzone img{background-color: #2B82D9}.heateor_sss_amp_refind img{background-color: #1492ef}.heateor_sss_amp_rediff_mypage img{background-color: #D20000}.heateor_sss_amp_renren img{background-color: #005EAC}.heateor_sss_amp_segnalo img{background-color: #fdff88}.heateor_sss_amp_sina_weibo img{background-color: #ff0}.heateor_sss_amp_sitejot img{background-color: #ffc800}.heateor_sss_amp_skype img{background-color: #00AFF0}.heateor_sss_amp_sms img{background-color: #6ebe45}.heateor_sss_amp_slashdot img{background-color: #004242}.heateor_sss_amp_stumpedia img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_svejo img{background-color: #fa7aa3}.heateor_sss_amp_symbaloo_feeds img{background-color: #6DA8F7}.heateor_sss_amp_telegram img{background-color: #3DA5f1}.heateor_sss_amp_trello img{background-color: #1189CE}.heateor_sss_amp_tuenti img{background-color: #0075C9}.heateor_sss_amp_twiddla img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_typepad_post img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_viadeo img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_viber img{background-color: #8B628F}.heateor_sss_amp_webnews img{background-color: #CC2512}.heateor_sss_amp_wordpress img{background-color: #464646}.heateor_sss_amp_wykop img{background-color: #367DA9}.heateor_sss_amp_yahoo_mail img{background-color: #400090}.heateor_sss_amp_yahoo_messenger img{background-color: #400090}.heateor_sss_amp_yoolink img{background-color: #A2C538}.heateor_sss_amp_youmob img{background-color: #3B599D}.heateor_sss_amp_gentlereader img{background-color: #46aecf}.heateor_sss_amp_threema img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_bluesky img{background-color:#0085ff}.heateor_sss_amp_threads img{background-color:#000}.heateor_sss_amp_raindrop img{background-color:#0b7ed0}.heateor_sss_amp_micro_blog img{background-color:#ff8800}.heateor_sss_amp amp-img{border-radius:999px;}/** * Jetpack related posts */ /** * The Gutenberg block */ .jp-related-posts-i2 { margin-top: 1.5rem; } .jp-related-posts-i2__list { --hgap: 1rem; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; column-gap: var(--hgap); row-gap: 2rem; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style-type: none; } .jp-related-posts-i2__post { display: flex; flex-direction: column; /* Default: 2 items by row */ flex-basis: calc( ( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2 ); } /* Quantity qeuries: see https://alistapart.com/article/quantity-queries-for-css/ */ .jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child, .jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child ~ * { /* From 3 total items on, 3 items by row */ flex-basis: calc( ( 100% - var(--hgap) * 2 ) / 3 ); } .jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child, .jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child ~ * { /* Exception for 4 total items: 2 items by row */ flex-basis: calc( ( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2 ); } .jp-related-posts-i2__post-link { display: flex; flex-direction: column; row-gap: 0.5rem; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 1.2; } .jp-related-posts-i2__post-link:focus-visible { outline-offset: 2px; } .jp-related-posts-i2__post-img { order: -1; max-width: 100%; } .jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs { margin: 0; list-style-type: unset; } /* Hide, except from screen readers */ .jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dt { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); white-space: nowrap; } .jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dd { margin: 0; } /* List view */ .jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__list { display: block; } .jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__post { margin-bottom: 2rem; } /* Breakpoints */ @media only screen and (max-width: 640px) { .jp-related-posts-i2__list { display: block; } .jp-related-posts-i2__post { margin-bottom: 2rem; } } /* Container */ #jp-relatedposts { display: none; padding-top: 1em; margin: 1em 0; position: relative; clear: both; } .jp-relatedposts:after { content: ''; display: block; clear: both; } /* Headline above related posts section, labeled "Related" */ #jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline { margin: 0 0 1em 0; display: inline-block; float: left; font-size: 9pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: inherit; } #jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em:before { content: ""; display: block; width: 100%; min-width: 30px; border-top: 1px solid #dcdcde; border-top: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2); margin-bottom: 1em; } #jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em { font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; } /* Related posts items (wrapping items) */ #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items { clear: left; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual { margin-right: -20px; } /* Related posts item */ #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post { float: left; width: 33%; margin: 0 0 1em; /* Needs to be same as the main outer wrapper for Related Posts */ box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual .jp-relatedposts-post { padding-right: 20px; filter: alpha(opacity=80); -moz-opacity: .8; opacity: .8; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post:nth-child(3n+4), #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual .jp-relatedposts-post:nth-child(3n+4) { clear: both; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post:hover .jp-relatedposts-post-title a { text-decoration: underline; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post:hover { filter: alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1; } /* Related posts item content */ #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual h4.jp-relatedposts-post-title, #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items p, #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items time { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual .jp-relatedposts-post-nothumbs { position:relative; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual .jp-relatedposts-post-nothumbs a.jp-relatedposts-post-aoverlay { position:absolute; top:0; bottom:0; left:0; right:0; display:block; border-bottom: 0; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items p, #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items time { margin-bottom: 0; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual h4.jp-relatedposts-post-title { text-transform: none; margin: 0; font-family: inherit; display: block; max-width: 100%; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post .jp-relatedposts-post-title a { font-size: inherit; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; filter: alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post .jp-relatedposts-post-title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post img.jp-relatedposts-post-img, #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post span { display: block; max-width: 90%; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual .jp-relatedposts-post img.jp-relatedposts-post-img, #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual .jp-relatedposts-post span { height: auto; max-width: 100%; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post .jp-relatedposts-post-date, #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post .jp-relatedposts-post-context { opacity: .6; } /* Hide the date by default, but leave the element there if a theme wants to use css to make it visible. */ .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post .jp-relatedposts-post-date { display: none; } /* Behavior when there are thumbnails in visual mode */ #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual div.jp-relatedposts-post-thumbs p.jp-relatedposts-post-excerpt { display: none; } /* Behavior when there are no thumbnails in visual mode */ #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual .jp-relatedposts-post-nothumbs p.jp-relatedposts-post-excerpt { overflow: hidden; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual .jp-relatedposts-post-nothumbs span { margin-bottom: 1em; } /* List Layout */ #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-list .jp-relatedposts-post { clear: both; width: 100%; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-list .jp-relatedposts-post img.jp-relatedposts-post-img { float: left; overflow: hidden; max-width: 33%; margin-right: 3%; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-list h4.jp-relatedposts-post-title { display: inline-block; max-width: 63%; } /* * Responsive */ @media only screen and (max-width: 640px) { #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post { width: 50%; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post:nth-child(3n) { clear: left; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items-visual { margin-right: 20px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 320px) { #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-items .jp-relatedposts-post { width: 100%; clear: both; margin: 0 0 1em; } #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-list .jp-relatedposts-post img.jp-relatedposts-post-img, #jp-relatedposts .jp-relatedposts-list h4.jp-relatedposts-post-title { float: none; max-width: 100%; margin-right: 0; } } /* * Hide the related post section in the print view of a post */ @media print { .jp-relatedposts { display:none ; } }.wp-block-jetpack-rating-star span:not([aria-hidden="true"]) { display: none; } .amp-logo amp-img{width:190px} .amp-menu input{display:none;}.amp-menu li.menu-item-has-children ul{display:none;}.amp-menu li{position:relative;display:block;}.amp-menu > li a{display:block;} /* Inline styles */ div.acsse3e3c{font-weight:bold;}amp-img.acss334b9{max-width:35px;}span.acss13448{font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;}p.acssa5e2f{cursor:inherit;}span.acss0f1bf{display:none;}svg.acss7916f{color:#999;fill:#999;} .icon-widgets:before {content: "\e1bd";}.icon-search:before {content: "\e8b6";}.icon-shopping-cart:after {content: "\e8cc";} a.heateor_sss_amp{padding:0 4px;}div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing a amp-amp-img{display:inline-block;}.heateor_sss_amp_instagram amp-img{background-color:#624E47}.heateor_sss_amp_yummly amp-img{background-color:#E16120}.heateor_sss_amp_youtube amp-img{background-color:#ff0000}.heateor_sss_amp_buffer amp-img{background-color:#000}.heateor_sss_amp_delicious amp-img{background-color:#53BEEE}.heateor_sss_amp_facebook amp-img{background-color:#3C589A}.heateor_sss_amp_digg amp-img{background-color:#006094}.heateor_sss_amp_email amp-img{background-color:#649A3F}.heateor_sss_amp_float_it amp-img{background-color:#53BEEE}.heateor_sss_amp_linkedin amp-img{background-color:#0077B5}.heateor_sss_amp_pinterest amp-img{background-color:#CC2329}.heateor_sss_amp_print amp-img{background-color:#FD6500}.heateor_sss_amp_reddit amp-img{background-color:#FF5700}.heateor_sss_amp_stocktwits amp-img{background-color: #40576F}.heateor_sss_amp_mewe amp-img{background-color:#007da1}.heateor_sss_amp_mix amp-img{background-color:#ff8226}.heateor_sss_amp_tumblr amp-img{background-color:#29435D}.heateor_sss_amp_twitter amp-img{background-color:#55acee}.heateor_sss_amp_vkontakte amp-img{background-color:#5E84AC}.heateor_sss_amp_yahoo amp-img{background-color:#8F03CC}.heateor_sss_amp_xing amp-img{background-color:#00797D}.heateor_sss_amp_instagram amp-img{background-color:#527FA4}.heateor_sss_amp_whatsapp amp-img{background-color:#55EB4C}.heateor_sss_amp_aim amp-img{background-color: #10ff00}.heateor_sss_amp_amazon_wish_list amp-img{background-color: #ffe000}.heateor_sss_amp_aol_mail amp-img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_app_net amp-img{background-color: #5D5D5D}.heateor_sss_amp_baidu amp-img{background-color: #2319DC}.heateor_sss_amp_balatarin amp-img{background-color: #fff}.heateor_sss_amp_bibsonomy amp-img{background-color: #000}.heateor_sss_amp_bitty_browser amp-img{background-color: #EFEFEF}.heateor_sss_amp_blinklist amp-img{background-color: #3D3C3B}.heateor_sss_amp_blogger_post amp-img{background-color: #FDA352}.heateor_sss_amp_blogmarks amp-img{background-color: #535353}.heateor_sss_amp_bookmarks_fr amp-img{background-color: #E8EAD4}.heateor_sss_amp_box_net amp-img{background-color: #1A74B0}.heateor_sss_amp_buddymarks amp-img{background-color: #ffd400}.heateor_sss_amp_care2_news amp-img{background-color: #6EB43F}.heateor_sss_amp_citeulike amp-img{background-color: #2781CD}.heateor_sss_amp_comment amp-img{background-color: #444}.heateor_sss_amp_diary_ru amp-img{background-color: #E8D8C6}.heateor_sss_amp_diaspora amp-img{background-color: #2E3436}.heateor_sss_amp_dihitt amp-img{background-color: #FF6300}.heateor_sss_amp_diigo amp-img{background-color: #4A8BCA}.heateor_sss_amp_douban amp-img{background-color: #497700}.heateor_sss_amp_draugiem amp-img{background-color: #ffad66}.heateor_sss_amp_dzone amp-img{background-color: #fff088}.heateor_sss_amp_evernote amp-img{background-color: #8BE056}.heateor_sss_amp_facebook_messenger amp-img{background-color: #0084FF}.heateor_sss_amp_fark amp-img{background-color: #555}.heateor_sss_amp_fintel amp-img{background-color: #087515}.heateor_sss_amp_flipboard amp-img{background-color: #CC0000}.heateor_sss_amp_folkd amp-img{background-color: #0F70B2}.heateor_sss_amp_google_classroom amp-img{background-color: #FFC112}.heateor_sss_amp_google_bookmarks amp-img{background-color: #CB0909}.heateor_sss_amp_google_gmail amp-img{background-color: #E5E5E5}.heateor_sss_amp_hacker_news amp-img{background-color: #F60}.heateor_sss_amp_hatena amp-img{background-color: #00A6DB}.heateor_sss_amp_instapaper amp-img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_jamespot amp-img{background-color: #FF9E2C}.heateor_sss_amp_kakao amp-img{background-color: #FCB700}.heateor_sss_amp_kik amp-img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_kindle_it amp-img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_known amp-img{background-color: #fff101}.heateor_sss_amp_line amp-img{background-color: #00C300}.heateor_sss_amp_livejournal amp-img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_mail_ru amp-img{background-color: #356FAC}.heateor_sss_amp_mendeley amp-img{background-color: #A70805}.heateor_sss_amp_meneame amp-img{background-color: #FF7D12}.heateor_sss_amp_mixi amp-img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_myspace amp-img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_netlog amp-img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_netvouz amp-img{background-color: #c0ff00}.heateor_sss_amp_newsvine amp-img{background-color: #055D00}.heateor_sss_amp_nujij amp-img{background-color: #D40000}.heateor_sss_amp_odnoklassniki amp-img{background-color: #F2720C}.heateor_sss_amp_oknotizie amp-img{background-color: #fdff88}.heateor_sss_amp_outlook_com amp-img{background-color: #0072C6}.heateor_sss_amp_papaly amp-img{background-color: #3AC0F6}.heateor_sss_amp_pinboard amp-img{background-color: #1341DE}.heateor_sss_amp_plurk amp-img{background-color: #CF682F}.heateor_sss_amp_pocket amp-img{background-color: #f0f0f0}.heateor_sss_amp_polyvore amp-img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_printfriendly amp-img{background-color: #61D1D5}.heateor_sss_amp_protopage_bookmarks amp-img{background-color: #413FFF}.heateor_sss_amp_pusha amp-img{background-color: #0072B8}.heateor_sss_amp_qzone amp-img{background-color: #2B82D9}.heateor_sss_amp_refind amp-img{background-color: #1492ef}.heateor_sss_amp_rediff_mypage amp-img{background-color: #D20000}.heateor_sss_amp_renren amp-img{background-color: #005EAC}.heateor_sss_amp_segnalo amp-img{background-color: #fdff88}.heateor_sss_amp_sina_weibo amp-img{background-color: #ff0}.heateor_sss_amp_sitejot amp-img{background-color: #ffc800}.heateor_sss_amp_skype amp-img{background-color: #00AFF0}.heateor_sss_amp_sms amp-img{background-color: #6ebe45}.heateor_sss_amp_slashdot amp-img{background-color: #004242}.heateor_sss_amp_stumpedia amp-img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_svejo amp-img{background-color: #fa7aa3}.heateor_sss_amp_symbaloo_feeds amp-img{background-color: #6DA8F7}.heateor_sss_amp_telegram amp-img{background-color: #3DA5f1}.heateor_sss_amp_trello amp-img{background-color: #1189CE}.heateor_sss_amp_tuenti amp-img{background-color: #0075C9}.heateor_sss_amp_twiddla amp-img{background-color: #EDEDED}.heateor_sss_amp_typepad_post amp-img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_viadeo amp-img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_amp_viber amp-img{background-color: #8B628F}.heateor_sss_amp_wanelo amp-img{background-color: #fff}.heateor_sss_amp_webnews amp-img{background-color: #CC2512}.heateor_sss_amp_wordpress amp-img{background-color: #464646}.heateor_sss_amp_wykop amp-img{background-color: #367DA9}.heateor_sss_amp_yahoo_mail amp-img{background-color: #400090}.heateor_sss_amp_yahoo_messenger amp-img{background-color: #400090}.heateor_sss_amp_yoolink amp-img{background-color: #A2C538}.heateor_sss_amp_youmob amp-img{background-color: #3B599D}.heateor_sss_amp_gentlereader amp-img{background-color: #46aecf}.heateor_sss_amp_threema amp-img{background-color: #2A2A2A}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing{position: fixed;left:11px;z-index: 99999;}.heateor-total-share-count .sss_share_count{color:#666;font-size:23px;}.heateor-total-share-count .sss_share_lbl{color:#666;}.amp-wp-article-content .heateor_sss_vertical_sharing {left:5px;}amp-img.amp-wp-enforced-sizes[alt="Pinterest"]{background: #cc2329;border-radius: 50%;margin: 0 5px 0 0;}amp-img.amp-wp-enforced-sizes[alt="Viber"]{background: #8b628f;}amp-img.amp-wp-enforced-sizes[alt="Print"]{background: #fd6500;}amp-img.amp-wp-enforced-sizes[alt="Threema"]{background: #2a2a2a;}amp-img.amp-wp-enforced-sizes[alt="Pinterest"]{left:4px;}amp-img.amp-wp-enforced-sizes[alt="MySpace"]{background: #2a2a2a;}
Categories: Blog

Betta Fish Curved Spine : Tips for Prevention

Spread the love
(Last Updated On: )

Betta fish curved spine is a condition that causes an abnormal curvature in the fish’s backbone, leading to difficulty in swimming and potential health issues. This article explores the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for betta fish with a curved spine.

Betta fish, also known as Siamese fighting fish, are popular pets known for their vibrant colors and feisty personalities. However, sometimes bettas develop a condition known as a curved spine, which can affect their overall well-being. This condition, also referred to as “hunchback” or “S-shaped” spine, is characterized by a noticeable curvature in the fish’s backbone.

It often leads to swimming difficulties, as the abnormal shape of the spine affects their ability to move properly. There are several possible causes for a betta fish to develop a curved spine. Genetic factors play a significant role, as certain lines of bettas may be more prone to this condition. Additionally, poor water quality, improper nutrition, and injuries can contribute to the development of a curved spine. It’s important for betta owners to be aware of the symptoms and seek proper treatment if their fish is affected. We will delve deeper into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for betta fish with a curved spine. By providing useful insights and practical advice, we aim to help betta owners understand and address this condition effectively.

Causes Of Curved Spine

There are two main causes of curved spine in Betta fish: genetic factors and poor water conditions. Genetic factors can lead to a curved spine as a result of breeding practices that focus on certain physical traits rather than overall health. Over time, this selective breeding can increase the likelihood of genetic deformities, including a curved spine.

On the other hand, poor water conditions can also contribute to the development of a curved spine in Betta fish. When the water parameters such as temperature, pH level, and ammonia levels are not properly maintained, it can cause stress and weaken the fish’s immune system. This weakened immune system makes the fish more susceptible to various health issues, including spinal deformities.

It’s important for Betta fish owners to provide a well-maintained tank with proper water parameters and to be cautious when breeding to avoid exacerbating genetic issues. By ensuring good breeding practices and a clean and healthy environment, the chances of Betta fish developing a curved spine can be significantly reduced.

Identifying Curved Spine

When it comes to identifying a curved spine in Betta fish, it is important to observe both physical symptoms and behavioral signs. Physically, you might notice that the fish’s spine appears bent or curved. The curvature can range from mild to severe, and in some cases, it may be accompanied by a swollen belly.

Behaviorally, a Betta fish with a curved spine might exhibit difficulty swimming and balance issues. It may also have trouble reaching the water’s surface for breathing and show abnormal fin movement. Additionally, the fish might display reduced appetite and lethargy.

Observing and recognizing these symptoms is crucial in identifying a curved spine in a Betta fish. By taking prompt action, such as providing appropriate treatment and care, you can help improve the fish’s overall well-being.

Prevention Measures

Proper water quality is crucial for preventing betta fish from developing a curved spine. Regularly test the water parameters and ensure the pH levels are stable. Conduct routine water changes to maintain a clean and healthy environment for the fish. Additionally, be mindful of the selective breeding practices and opt for responsible breeding to reduce the risk of genetic spinal deformities in betta fish.

Diet And Nutrition

Betta fish need a balanced diet to prevent curved spine. A diet rich in nutrients like protein, fed in small meals, supports their health. Avoid overfeeding and provide varied diet. Incorporate supplements like vitamins and minerals for optimal nutrition.

Aquarium Setup

Optimal Tank Size: Betta fish require at least 5-gallon tank for healthy growth.

Enrichment and Stimulus: Include live plants and hiding spots in the aquarium.

Treatment Options

Betta fish with a curved spine may require specialized care and medication. Consulting a veterinarian is crucial for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment options. Medication tailored to improve the fish’s condition may be prescribed. Additionally, special care in terms of feeding and environment may be recommended for the well-being of the betta fish.

Frequently Asked Questions On Betta Fish Curved Spine

What Causes Betta Fish To Develop Curved Spine?

Betta fish can develop a curved spine due to genetic factors, poor water quality, improper nutrition, or injury. Keep the tank clean, provide a balanced diet, and maintain proper water conditions to prevent this condition.

How Can I Help A Betta Fish With A Curved Spine?

Provide a comfortable and stress-free environment for your betta fish with a curved spine. Maintain clean water, offer a balanced diet, and ensure proper tank conditions. Consult a veterinarian for specific treatment options tailored to your fish’s needs.

Can A Betta Fish With A Curved Spine Live A Normal Life?

With proper care and attention, a betta fish with a curved spine can lead a relatively normal life. Ensure a suitable living environment, monitor its health closely, and provide any necessary adjustments or treatments recommended by a veterinarian.

Conclusion

It is important to pay attention to the health and well-being of betta fish. A curved spine, known as “bent spine syndrome”, can have serious implications for the fish. Providing proper care, diet, and environment can help prevent this condition and ensure the overall health of your betta fish.


Rajib

Hey This is Rajib , A pet Lover..

Share
Published by
Rajib